Steam turbine working principle ppt

Both use a fluid of gous nature at high temperature at high pressure to generate power. The variation in load during the operation of a steam turbine can have a significant impact on its performance. A combinedcycle power plant uses both a gas and a steam turbine together to produce up to 50 percent more electricity from the same fuel than a traditional simplecycle plant. Steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. Practical steam turbines come in all shapes and sizes and produce power ranging from one or two megawatts roughly the same output as a single wind turbine up to 1,000 megawatts or more the output from a large power plant, equivalent to 500 wind turbines working at full capacity. As the principle of the gas turbine, a working gas air is compressed by a. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. In principle, the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. In this cycle the heat is supplied externally to a. A simple gas turbine is comprised of three main sections a compressor, a combustor, and a power turbine.

For process purpose in the plant, medium pressure steam might be required, this steam is extracted from the steam turbine at the required level of pressure. Fundamentals of gas turbine engines introduction the gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. Condensate water is then used again as boiler feed water. As the steam turbine spins the generator spins and creates electricity. A highvelocity steam is coming from the nozzles and it strikes the rotating blades which are fitted on a disc mounted on a shaft. Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. Impulse turbine works on the basic principle of impulse.

Feb 20, 2017 steam turbines are ideal wherever steam is available. Steam turbine principles and practice by croft, terrell, 1880publication date 1923 topics steam turbines publisher new york. Water is heated at an extremely high temperature to convert it into steam. The steam in lp turbine expands completely and done the maximum work. Now, the water will ultimately convert into vapour and now this steam is ca. This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. Its decreasing crosssection area makes sure that we have a uniform velocity of the water striking the runner blades, as we have openings for water flow into the runner blades from the very starting of the casing, so flow rate would decrease as it travels along the. It has almost completely replaced the reciprocating piston steam engine primarily because of its greater thermal efficiency and higher powertoweight ratio.

What is steam turbine description and characteristics. The steam turbines are widely used in power generation, refineries and petrochemical industries. Are you a person with a degree in mechanical or technical engineering. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy this rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. Let us look at turbines first and there are two types of turbines a. Due to this fall in pressure, a certain amount of heat energy is converted into kinetic energy, which sets the steam to flow with a greater velocity. In a practical situation the load frequently varies from the designed or economic load and thus there always exists a considerable.

Oct 27, 2017 steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Steam turbine how steam energy works turbinegenerator. In this type of turbine, the highpressure steam is not expanded initially in the nozzle only, as in the case of impulse turbine, but the expansion of steam takes place in moving blade row also. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to driving electrical generators about 90% of all electricity generation in the united states 1996 is by use of steam turbines 1 wiser. The high pressure of the steam pushes on the many angled blades of the turbine, causing the shaft to rotate. For low and moderate inlet steam pressure up to 120 bar, a single shell.

It is a spiral casing, with uniformly decreasing cross section area, along the circumference. Turbine is an enginethat converts energy offluid into mechanicalenergythe steam turbine issteam driven rotaryengine. Working principle of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Steam boiler working principle and types of boiler. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. Gas turbines for aircraft propulsion cal poly pomona ppt. Ppt steam generators powerpoint presentation free to. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid air to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the airplane. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy. Nuclear power plant working principle may 10, 2017 19,687. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and.

In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. Ppt turbines powerpoint presentation free to download. They convert thermal energy in the steam to mechanical energy. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and.

Since then turbines based on these principles have evolved in parallel and in fact merged to some degree. The rankine cycle was named after him and describes the performance of steam turbine systems, though the theoretical principle also applies to reciprocating engines such as steam locomotives. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. Steam produced by boiler with pressure and temperature are directed to do work on the turbine to produce mechanical power in the form of rotation. Basically,in a steam turbine pressure energy of steam extracts and then it converted into kinetic energy by allowing the.

Mar 15, 2015 a simple gas turbine is comprised of three main sections a compressor, a combustor, and a power turbine. Extraction and induction are purely governed and decided by the plant requirements and not because of steam turbine requirements. When the jet of water strikes at the turbine blade with full of its speed, it generates a large force which used to rotate the turbine. The steam is made to fall in its pressure by expanding in a nozzle. Steamturbine principles and practice by croft, terrell, 1880publication date 1923 topics steamturbines publisher new york. Steam boiler or simply a boiler is basically a closed vessel into which water is heated until the water is converted into steam at required pressure. Combinedcycle power plant how it works ge power generation. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. It does so with the help of cooling water circulated into it from the cooling tower. Boiler or more specifically steam boiler is an essential part of thermal power plant. Mar 04, 2020 boiler or more specifically steam boiler is an essential part of thermal power plant. Governor is a heart component of the turbine which controls it during steady state and transient conditions.

The governor does this function by controlling the steam flow through the turbine by adjusting the control value. In the first step, water is feed into a boiler at a very high pressure by bfp boiler feed pump. Are you a person willing to work in industrial sectors then logon to steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Generates steam at desired rate, desired pressure, and temperature by burning fuel it is a complex integration of furnace, superheater, reheater, evaporator. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station. This mechanical energy is converted to electricity by using the power form the rotating shaft to turn an electrical generator. Extraction condensing turbines steam turbine steam. The steam feeds through a pipe into a cylinder with a tight fitting piston, which moves outward as the steam flows ina bit like a bicycle pump working in reverse. Nov 25, 2019 practical steam turbines come in all shapes and sizes and produce power ranging from one or two megawatts roughly the same output as a single wind turbine up to 1,000 megawatts or more the output from a large power plant, equivalent to 500 wind turbines working at full capacity. In general, the rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a constant pressure heat engine that converts part of heat into mechanical work. Steam turbine basic parts mechanical engineering site. This turbine used to rotate the generator, which produces electric power.

A steam turbine driven generator, sometimes known as turbo generators, can be best explained by understanding a steam turbine and a generator separately. This highvelocity steam produces dynamic pressure on the blades in which blades and shaft both start to rotate in the same direction. The former steam out of the turbine, and then flowed into the condenser to be cooled with cooling water that turned to water. The governor is a control component with advanced protections for the turbine which ensure safe operation of the turbine. The heat of steam is converted to mechanical energy in the steam turbine and then to electrical energy in the generator. In a practical situation the load frequently varies from the designed or economic.

Or in other words it is a device which is used to condense exhaust steam of the turbine into water. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference. The gas turbine compresses air and mixes it with fuel that is then burned at extremely high temperatures, creating a. Steams energy is converted into mechanical energy by forcing it through a steam turbine. Principle of steam turbine the steam energy is converted mechanical work by expansion through the turbine expansion takes place through a series of fixed blades nozzles and moving blades in each row fixed blade and moving blade are called stage. First, the water is filled into the boiler to fill the entire surfac. Course 234 turbine and auxiliaries module seven approval issue pagel8 7. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The heat so produced may be used as a conventional heat source to generate steam. Based on operating principle the steam turbine is classified as two types. In this article, we will discuss steam turbine basic parts.

State thedifference between latchedand unlatchedronbacks. Gas turbine engines derive their power from burning fuel in a combustion chamber and using the fast flowing combustion gases to drive a turbine in much the same way as the high pressure steam drives a steam turbine. Apr 25, 2016 impulse turbine works on the basic principle of impulse. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. It directly uses steam from the reservoir to operate the turbine. The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates extra power. The basic working principle of boiler is very very simple and easy to. Idd steam turbine voice over a steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam. Aug 01, 2012 turbine generator maintenance 180,068 views. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner.

The steam turbine is one kind of heat engine machine in which steams heat energy is converted to mechanical work. The extraction condensing turbines are used when a constant pressure steam flow has to be extracted for process purposes. The force is depends on the time interval and velocity of jet strikes the blades. This steam from the ip turbine sends directly to the lp turbine and allowed to expand there. The basic idea of an impulse turbine is that a jet of steam from a fixed nozzle pushes against the rotor blades and impels them forward. The steam is collected from the production well and used to operate lowpressure turbines. Its a heat engine that is mainly driven by coal as a power source.

The constructional characteristics of these turbines are very similar to condensing turbines from the second admission valve chest it is possible to inject low pressure steam, available in the plant to supply the power required by the plant. Here is the layout of a steam power plant, working fluid cycle steam power plant is a closed cycle, which uses the same fluid repeatedly. The gas turbine operates on the principle of the brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burned under constant pressure conditions. Steam driven generators steam turbines and electric. The principle of impulse blading is illustrated in the schematic diagram of. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Now from the lp turbine outlet, steam send to the condenser. Principles of operation the power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate. Generates steam at desired rate, desired pressure, and temperature by burning fuel. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. The steam energy is converted mechanical work by expansion through the turbine. As the steam expands to fill the cylinder, it cools down, loses pressure, and gives up its energy to the piston.

This high energized steam passes through steam turbine a mechanical device which converts flow energy of fluid into mechanical energy and. Unlike with reciprocating engines, for instance, compression, heating and expansion are. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and transforms it into mechanical work. The diffuser, compressor, turbine, and nozzle processes are isentropic, and the combustor. The gas turbine can be used in combination with a steam turbinein a combinedcycle power plantto create power extremely efficiently.

The sequence of these activities is shown in figure 2. Steam turbine governing and its mechanism ece tutorials. The velocity of steam is twice as fast as the velocity of blade. Principles of operation the power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging. Steam turbine governing is the procedure of controlling the flow rate of steam to a steam turbine so as to maintain its speed of rotation as constant. The steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work from the energy. The gasturbine operates on the principle of the brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed with fuel, and burned under constant pressure conditions. What is a gas turbine knowledge base ge power generation. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Steam turbines lie at the heart of these power plants. The resulting hot gas is allowed to expand through a turbine to perform work. The used steam is then condensed and injected back through the injection well. What is the working principle of a steam power plant. The operating instructions describe the order of executing startup.

You can think of kettle siting on top of coal fire. The waste heat from the gas turbine is routed to the nearby steam turbine, which generates. When the steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against the rotor buckets. Sep 17, 2017 it rotates the ip turbine at the same speed as rotate hp turbine. Steam turbines books related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation and maintenance for power plant professionals. In principle, pure reaction turbine has no meaning with steam as a working fluid. Condenser is situated just below the lp exhaust line. The casing shape and construction details depend on whether it is a high pressure hp or low pressure lp casings. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. The power from extraction turbine is generated as an advantage of the generated steam, though our prime use of steam is for processes. Dry steam plant this is the simplest and oldest type of geothermal plant.

It is actually with a joint application of impulse and reaction. The steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. The pressure of working medium used in steam turbines is very high. This high pressurized water is heated into a boiler which converts it into high pressurized super heated steam.